3rd group

French Irregular Verbs

The 10 most important irregular verbs — with their key forms and common pitfalls to avoid.

French has over 300 irregular verbs in the 3rd group. They don't follow the standard conjugation rules of the 1st and 2nd groups. Fortunately, about ten of them cover the vast majority of everyday situations.

Être (to be)

The verb être is the most irregular in French. It also serves as an auxiliary to form compound tenses for many verbs.

Tensejetuil/ellenousvousils/elles
Presentsuisesestsommesêtessont
Imperfectétaisétaisétaitétionsétiezétaient
Futureseraiserasseraseronsserezseront
Simple pastfusfusfutfûmesfûtesfurent
Subjunctivesoissoissoitsoyonssoyezsoient

Past participle: été  ·  Present participle: étant

Avoir (to have)

The verb avoir is the most widely used auxiliary for compound tenses. Note the entirely irregular subjunctive forms.

Tensejetuil/ellenousvousils/elles
Presentaiasaavonsavezont
Imperfectavaisavaisavaitavionsaviezavaient
Futureauraiaurasauraauronsaurezauront
Simple pasteuseuseuteûmeseûteseurent
Subjunctiveaieaiesaitayonsayezaient

Past participle: eu  ·  Present participle: ayant

Aller (to go)

Uniquely, aller is a 1st-group verb (infinitive in -er) but is entirely irregular. Its future stem ir- looks nothing like the infinitive.

Tensejetuil/ellenousvousils/elles
Presentvaisvasvaallonsallezvont
Futureiraiirasiraironsireziront
Simple pastallaiallasallaallâmesallâtesallèrent
Subjunctiveailleaillesailleallionsalliezaillent

Past participle: allé (auxiliary être)  ·  Present participle: allant

Faire (to do / to make)

One of the most frequent verbs. Watch out for vous faites (not *faisez) and the future stem fer-.

Tensejetuil/ellenousvousils/elles
Presentfaisfaisfaitfaisonsfaitesfont
Imperfectfaisaisfaisaisfaisaitfaisionsfaisiezfaisaient
Futureferaiferasferaferonsferezferont
Simple pastfisfisfitfîmesfîtesfirent

Past participle: fait  ·  Present participle: faisant

Pouvoir, Vouloir, Savoir

These three verbs share a similar present-tense structure (strong/weak stem alternation) and have highly irregular futures.

Verbje (present)nous (present)ils (present)je (future)Past participle
pouvoir (can)peux / puispouvonspeuventpourraipu
vouloir (want)veuxvoulonsveulentvoudraivoulu
savoir (know)saissavonssaventsauraisu

Je peux come tomorrow, but I don't know yet if I'll want to stay long.

Je peux venir demain, mais je ne sais pas encore si je voudrai rester longtemps.

Venir and tenir (and derivatives)

These two verbs are the model for many derived verbs: devenir, revenir, obtenir, maintenir, retenir…

Verbje (present)nous (present)ils (present)je (future)Simple past
venir (come)viensvenonsviennentviendraivins
tenir (hold)tienstenonstiennenttiendraitins

Prendre (and derivatives)

Prendre is the model for apprendre, comprendre, surprendre, reprendre… The stem loses its d in the plural present.

Tensejetuil/ellenousvousils/elles
Presentprendsprendsprendprenonsprenezprennent
Subjunctiveprenneprennesprenneprenionspreniezprennent

Past participle: pris  ·  Future: je prendrai

Most Common Mistakes

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